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A novel combination method of γ-ray irradiation and electrochemical hydrogenation was developed for Shenhua coal liquefaction, which was enhanced to generate higher cathodic hydrogenation reaction current and better liquefaction yield. The irradiated coal and the liquefaction products were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller measurement (BET), infrared spectroscopy...
In this research, coal combustion behavior across the regions of blowpipe, tuyere, and raceway of blast furnace are numerically examined. Three different lance configurations, including a single lance, a double air-cooled coaxial lance, and an oxy-coal lance with different oxygen enrichment patterns, are taken into consideration. The coal combustion efficiency by the double lance injection is 5.1%...
Camellia seed shell was carbonized to obtain carbon carrier (C), then the carrier was sulfonated and incorporated with Ce 4+ to prepare a novel solid acid catalyst SO 42− /C/Ce 4+ by impregnation method. The structure and morphology of SO 42− /C/Ce 4+ was characterized by a variety of techniques. The catalytic activity of SO 42− /C/Ce...
The theoretical calculation about the catalytic mechanism of MCM-41 supported phosphoric acid (SPAM) in the alkylation desulfurization of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline demonstrated that properly reducing the amount of effective acid on the surface was beneficial to further enhancing the catalyst performance. Based on the previously optimized preparation of SPAM (weight ratio of total acid/MCM-41...
The microscopic mechanism of the volume swelling of CO 2 –alkane (decane, octane, hexane and cyclohexane) systems and the effects of temperature, pressure and alkane structure on the volume swelling of CO 2 –alkane systems are investigated by performing molecular dynamics simulation. It is shown that the increase in pressure, the reduction in temperature and the straight-chain structure...
Butanol is an alcohol that can be used as fuel and as intermediate in chemical synthesis. Due to its characteristics, butanol has a very high compatibility with gasoline. Concerns about non-renewable resources and environmental problems associated with petroleum have revived the interest for the biological pathway to produce butanol. Furthermore, the use of lignocellulosic biomass as feedstock has...
Pore connectivity is limited in shale formations, unlike in conventional reservoirs, for which cyclic void models, such as the regular-lattice model, are often used to represent the connectivity. In the cyclic models, the random assignment of throat sizes to lattice elements leads to a plateau-like variation of a capillary pressure with wetting phase saturation during a drainage displacement. Here,...
The promising properties of torrefied biomass provide a valid co-firing option for large percentage biomass utilization in existing coal-fired boilers. Torrefied biomass is expected to have a better combustion stability than raw biomass and similar to that of coal. The present work will characterizes the oxidation properties of torrefied biomass char and compare with that of raw biomass char. The...
The preferential oxidation (PROX) of CO is a promising strategy for trace CO clean up in H 2 -rich stream to fuel cells. In the present study, a series of TiO 2 supported clusters were prepared and studied for the PROX of CO. Amongst, Ru/TiO 2 catalyst exhibited remarkably high PROX activity in the operation temperature range of fuel cells. The effects of catalyst preparation...
In the present work, modeling of ultrasound-assisted intensification of biodiesel production from neem (Azadirachta indica) oil was investigated using four factors three level central composite rotatable design (CCRD) of response surface methodology (RSM). The experimental data obtained through CCRD was used to train the artificial neural network (ANN) model. RSM and ANN models were developed and...
Downdraft gasification of forage sorghum and red cedar wood was studied with the aim of determining the characteristics of produced char for its further application, such as soil amendment, sorbent and solid fuel. Ultimate, proximate, XRD and NMR were used to investigate physical and chemical properties of char and thermo-analytic methods were used to determine kinetics of char gasification. The NMR...
The main objectives of this paper are to investigate the performance and emissions of a compression ignition (CI) engine run with biodiesel when guide vanes are installed in front of the intake runner. The simulation method is used to determine the optimum vane angle by analyzing the turbulence kinetic energy (TKE), velocity, vorticity and swirling strength developed by the guide vanes using varied...
Enhancing the anode performance is a critical step for improving the power output of MFCs. This study deals with the dual chamber MFCs to increase the power generation using the controlled inoculum in Palm oil mill effluent (POME). Controlled inoculum (CI) was made using the predominant microorganisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Azospira oryzae, Acetobacter peroxydans and Solimonas variicoloris...
Gasification of char derived from sewage sludge was studied by using the TG–MS system. Experiments were carried out at different temperatures and steam concentrations. The temperatures of 700–900°C were necessary to complete the conversion in reasonable time. Three reaction rate models for gas–solid reaction were applied to describe the effect of char conversion on the reaction rate. In comparison...
In this study, a Pt-loaded mesoporous aluminosilicate (Pt/Al-SBA-15) was optimized as a catalyst for the hydrocracking of Fischer–Tropsch waxes, for which n-paraffin wax in the C 21–34 range was used as a model reactant. Pt/Al-SBA-15 was more active than a Pt-loaded microporous zeolite (Pt/β-zeolite) in producing gasoline-range products from n-paraffin wax. Hydrocracking over Pt/Al-SBA-15...
Photocatalysis is one of the most potential methods to reduce CO 2 into useful compounds. In this work, in order to improve the photo reduction of CO 2 , nickel ions were incorporated in TiO 2 and used as photocatalyst. XRD and TEM results showed TiO 2 anatase structure with a nanoparticle. The character of surface was measured using BET and zeta potential. The photochemical...
The standardization is an important aspect for fuel products. Some residual biomass are highly heterogeneous making their energy use rather difficult. Torrefaction can represent an interesting process to improve the standardization and quality of the lignocellulosic biomass. In the present research torrefaction has been applied on tomato peels, an important Italian industry residue. Different residence...
The emissions and ash behaviour during combustion of wood chips, or co-combustion of two solid agricultural fuels (reed canary grass and barley straw) with wood chips, were studied. In addition, the sensitivity of the results towards different air-staging conditions was investigated using pure wood chips. The experiments were carried out in a 40-kW combustion reactor equipped with a reciprocating-grate...
Gasoline is the most widely used fuel for light duty automobile transportation, but its molecular complexity makes it intractable to experimentally and computationally study the fundamental combustion properties. Therefore, surrogate fuels with a simpler molecular composition that represent real fuel behavior in one or more aspects are needed to enable repeatable experimental and computational combustion...
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